Hair-curling apparatus



y P. SANTURELLO 1,760,320

"HAIR CURLING APPARATUS Filed Jan. 9, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY? May 27, 1930. P. SANTURELLO 1,760,320

- HAIR CURLING APPARATUS I sued Jan. 9, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN V EN TOR.

Patented May 27, 1930.

PETER SANTURELLO, OF COLUMBUS, OHIO HAIR-,G'URLING APPARATUS Application filed January 9, 1926. Serial No. 80,321.

My invention relates to a haircurling apparatus and has to do particularly with the provision of a device for Winding and curling hair upon a mandrel as a preliminary step in the permanent wave hair dressing process.

In the past, in'the permanent wavlng of hair. it has been the practice to secure'a mandrel to a lock or bunch of hair adjacent the scalp by means of a piece of string or the like, and to then wind the hair by hand about the mandrel and secure the remote ends thereof to the mandrel by a second piece of string. This process is not only laborious, complicated and slow but it involves the use of various tools for tensioning the hair upon the mandrel, which is usually provided with a ratchet mechanism for securing the hair in taut position. Also, this process requires considerable skill on the part of the operator and uniform and satisfactory results are not always obtained.

My invention provides, among other things. mechanism for securin a mandrel to the hair without the use of strings, et cetera,

mechanical means for winding or coiling the hair upon the mandrel, and means for simultaneously stretching and overlapping the successive spirals. The principal object of my invention is to provide means whereby the curling operation may be rapidly accomplished in a more satisfactory and uniform manner without damaging the hair'or requiring the services of a highly skilled operator. V

One object of my invention is the provision of a positive, effective and easily manipulated gripping and locking device for attaching the mandrel to a lock of hair adjacent the scalp.

Another object of my invention is the provision of-a device for mechanically winding hair about a mandrel in a manner which ensures overlapping of the successive spirals and produces uniform, deep, flat and equally tensioned curls.

A further object of my invention is the provision of a simple and effective device for placing all'parts of the hair wound upon the mandrel under substantially equal tensional strains.

A further object of my invention is the provision of means for Winding a lock of hair upon a mandr taming 1t 1n el and for securing and mainstretched position during the subsequent dampening and heating or steaming operations Other important will appear as features of my invention the description progresses and will be more particularly defined in the appended claims. The various objects may e obtained by the embodiment illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein similar reference numerals designate similar parts and wherein?- Figure 1 1s a side elevation of a curling mandrel showing my improved hair gripping and locking device attached thereto.

Figure 2 is a side elevation of a curling mandrel and hair gripping device showing my novel sleeve arrangement for tensioning the hair adjac Figure 3 is gripping and ures 1 and 2.

cut the scalp. I

an end elevation of the hair locking device shown in Fig- Figure 4 is a perspective view of the mandrel and gripping device shown in Figure 1 with parts disassembled and showing the manner of securing the different parts in operative relation, and the spirally recessed plates which coact to attach the mandrel to a lock of hair.

Figure 5 is an enlarged side elevation of the device employed for winding a lock ofhair upon the man Figure 6 is winding devic Figure 7 is drel.

an end elevation of the hair e shown in Figure 5.

a perspective view of the hair Winder shown in Figures 5v and 6, which vantage.

'shows the helical winding slot to better ad- Figure Sis a fragmentary perspective view of the mandrel and tensioning sleeve shown in Figure 2 and also showing the underside of the bottom plate of the hair gripping device.

Figure 9 is a perspective View of the mandrel and hair showing a lock head preparat operation.

- when the lock of hair secured in the gripping Figure 10 is a perspective View similar to Figure 9 showing the relation of the parts device has been mandrel.

Flgure 11 is a perspectlve v1ew slmilar to partially wound upon the iures 9 and 10 showing the relation of the 1 erent parts when the lock of hair has been completely wound upon the mandrel.

Figure 12 is a perspective and partly diagra'mmatic view showing the hair wound upon the mandrel and positioned within a heating apparatus and also showing my novel adapter for use with different types andsizes of heaters.

Figure 13 is a side elevation of a modified mandrel having a spiral thread for advancing the winding device along the mandrel as the .mounted and formed with the opposed spiral recesses orslots 4 and 5 for a purpose which will hereafter appear. The lower plate-v2 may be formed with a downwardly depending flange 6 carrying a stop 7, a centrally disposed externally threaded projection 8, adapted to interfit with the internally thread- -ed.end 9 of the mandrel 1, and an oppositely extending internally threaded post 10 forming a bearing portion for the upper plate 3.

The upper plate 3 may be formed with a flange 11 which incloses part ofthe flange 6 of the plate'2 when the two plates aresuperimposed, and may also be provided with the lugs 12 and 13 which abut the flange 6 of the plate 2 when the upper plate 1s revolved or oscillated about the post 10.

The two plates 2 and 3 may be secured in contacting relation by means of a screw 14 which engages a threaded socket in the post 10. The head of screw -14-i's preferably countersunk or positioned in the cup 15 formed on plate 3 and a resilient washer or spring 16 may be interposed between the cup v15v and.

thehead of the screw 14 for increasing the friction between plates 2 and 3. With the construction just described. the plates 2 and 3 are revoluble or oscillatable with reference to each other and they remain in anyrelative,

position to which they have been revolved or oscillated. When in the position shown in Figure 3, a lock of hair may beinserted in hair in close proximity to the gripping device comprises the superstop 7 formed on the.

cup 15 to prevent the hair from becoming entangled or fast in the device when in use.

In the use of the gripping device as 'described, when a lock of hairon the scalp has been segregated and positioned in the opening 17, one of the plates 2 or 3 is revolved or turned with relationv to the the other and the spiral slots 4 and 5' progressively eclipse the opening 17 until the mandrel is tightly secured to the hair, as shown in Figure 9. The friction between plates 2 and 3 will be sufiicient to prevent loosening of the plates or disengagement of the hair during suceedmg operations. The opening 17 first completely encloses the lock of hair and then becomes progressively smaller as the plates 2 and 3 are revolved, and my invention thus provides means for accommodating diiferentsized locks or bunches of hair. 7 l 1 The winding device for wrapping or c o1ling the hair around the mandrel 1 comprises an outwardly extending finger 19, a helical slot 20 and an enlarged cup portion 21, wh ich is formed in continuation of the grippin portion 22. The gripping portion 22 is pre erabl polygonal in external shape to make possi le a tight asp thereof during the winding of the hair upon theimandrel. The opening 23 is intended to fit pon the mandrel 1 so that the winder y he slid and revolved as is necessary in the winding operation. I r I v One end of the winder may be threaded as at 24 and slotted as 'at 25, so that it may be constricted by the knurled nut 26 to secure the winder in any desired position upon the mandrel 1. The enlargement or flange 27 between thethreaded portion 24 and the gripping portion 22 ma be centeringthe winder an man rel 1 w thm the heating apparatus as hereafter described.

The enlarged cup portion 21 contazns the lock or bunch of hair 28, which is carried thereinto by the finger 19 and helical slot 20,

as shown in Figure 10, and the lip 29 functions to smooth and stretch the hair as it is bein wound. The helical slot 20 preferably proportioned to carry the hair into the cup portion 21, stretch it and overlap the successive spirals to form ,uniform, deep and properly tensioned coils or curls u'on the mandrel. The cup portion 21-and t e gripping portion 22 of the winder may be perforated as at 30 to permit the heat and moistening liquid, which is usually of an-alkalinc nature, to have access to the hair enclosed within the cup portion 21, and .to prevent clo ging by any foreign substance. It is understood that the winder maybe formed rovided for no use i to permit of winding the hair in either or both directions around the mandrel.

In operation, when the mandrel 1 has been secured to a previously segregated lock or bunch of hair adjacent the scalp by revolving or oscillating either of the plates 2 or 3 as previously described, the winder is slid into contact with the under side of plate '2 and revolved, when the finger 19 will engage the hair 28 extending through the opening formed by spiral slots 4 and 5, and carry it into the helical slot 20 and cup portion 21 of the winder. As the revolving of the winder is continued, it is progressively slid downward or toward the end of mandrel 1 and the hair is wound or coiled about the mandrel in a uniform and systematic manner.- The hair is also stretched, smoothed, spread and the successive spirals overlapped by the turning of the winder. When about all of the hair 28 has been wound upon the mandrel it is desirable to discontinue the downward movement of the winder and to simply revolve it until all of the ends of the individual hairs have disappeared into the cup portion 21. \Vhen this has occurred, the winder may be forced against the wound hair upon the mandrel to compact it lengthwise, the winder being preferably simultaneously revolved to give the hair a finalstretching, and then the nut 26 nzay be tightened to secure the winder and hair in place upon the mandrel during succeeding operations. It will be noted that the cup portion 21 of the mandrel contains all of the ends of the hair so that they are properly curled during the heating or steaming.

\Vhen the winding or curling of the hair has been completed and the winder secured in place upon the mandrel by means of nut 26, the electric heater or the like Slis slid around the mandrel and hair, as shown in Figure 12, and the hair is steamed and heated, and the solution with which the hair wound upon the mandrel has been previously dampened is effective to impart a permanent wave or curl to the hair.

I have provided anadapter 32 (Figure 12) which may be formed with a bayonet slot 33 for engaging with the projection 18 on the plate 3 to make a tight fit between the mandrel and heater, and this adapter may also be advantageously employed to make possible the use of my invention with any type or size of heating apparatus.

Vhen the heating and steaming operation has been completed itis only necessary to remove the mandrel from the, heater by disengaging the bayonet slot 33 and the projection 18, loosen the lock nut 26, slide the winder out of contact with the hair and revolve either of the plates 2 or 3 to release the hair from thegripping device. The knob 40 on the opposite end of mandrel 1 is provided to fric-- tionally engage the winder to make its removal from the mandrel rather difiieult so that'the operator will not have to search for It will be noted that the entire apparatus may be readily disassembled for cleaning or other purposes and that when the different parts are assembled the threaded portions are all in opposition so that the tightening or revolving of one part will not loosen other parts which have been previously tightened.

In Figure 13, I illustrate a modified mandrel having a spiral groove orthread 34 for advancing the winder along the mandrel as the hair is being wound. This arrangement may be used by unskilled operators or where great uniformity is desired, but the mandrel previously described is satisfactory in most ases.

In Figures 2, 8 and 9, I show a supplemental tensioning device consisting of a sleeve 35 which may be revolvably positioned upon the mandrel 1 by means of a shoulder 36.

This sleeve 35 operates by revolving or ten-ding to revolve upon the mandrel 1 during the winding operation and results .in equaliz ing the strain upon the hair wound on' the mandrel and places all parts of the hair under substantially equal tensional strains, in contrast to most devices in common use. which are effective to tighten only the portion of the hair immediately adjacent the point of application of the tcnsioning force.

In Figure 14 is shown a modified winder having a finger or projection 41 which corre sponds generally with the finger 19 of the type of winder shown in Figure 5, a slot 42 which functions in much the same manner as the helical slot 20 but which communicates with another opening 43 formed in the hook member 44. \Vhen using this winder the hair may be guided into slot 42 by linger 41 and then under the hook member 44 into openin 43. This opening 43 contains the lock of hair which is wound upon the mandrel and guides it toward and under the slot 42 when the winder is being turned inone direction and toward and under the hook member 44 when the winder is being turned in the opposite direction. An important fea-f ture of this form of winder is that it makes possible winding of the hair in either direction about a mandrel and also tends to guide the hair and form a more compact spiral upon the mandrel,

Fiom the foregoing description it will be apparent that I have produced a device which may be employed for curling hair in a minimum time and in a uniform and systematic manner. My invention in addition to greatly reducing the time also does more satisfactory work, requires less skill than other processes. curls the ends of the hair, subjects all parts of the hair to substantially the same strain eliminates strings and the inconvenience and damage attending their use. It further obvitive and certain in operation, substantially constructed, simple to operate, cheap to manufacture and renders unnecessary the employment of any other material, such as tape, etc., to obtain superior results.

Claims:

1. In a hair-waving apparatus, the coinbination of a mandrel, relatively movable recessed plates secured to one end of said mandrel for attaching said mandrel toa bunch of hair in close proximit to the root ends thereof and a device slida ly and revolubly mounted on said mandrel for spirally coiling said'bunch of hair aroundsaid mandrel.

2. A device of the class described comprising a mandrel, relatively revoluble means for securing said mandrel to a bunch of hairs in close proximity to the scalp, means for winding the bunchof hairs so secured around said mandrel and a sleeve on said mandrel for tensioning said hairsduring winding.-

3. A device for wrapping hair around a mandrel in successively overlapping spirals, said device comprising a helically slotted member revolubly and slidably mounted upon said mandrel.

4. A device for attaching a curling mandrel to a lock of hair comprising relatively movable spirally recessed plates.

5. In hair curling apparatus, a mandrel and means for wrapping hair around the said mandrel secured to a lock of hair in proximity to the scalp, said means comprising a helically slotted revoluble cup member.

6. In hair curling apparatus, a mandrel and means for securing the said mandrel to a lock of hair said means comprising relatively movable spirally recessed plates having registering openings adapted to form a hair receiving recess which varies in size as either of said plates are moved relative to each other.

7. In combination, .a mandrel, a hair winder upon said mandrel, said winder being formed with a cup portion for retaining the ends of the hairs during subsequent opera tions. 8. In hair curling apparatus, a mandrel, a winder for curling hair around said mandrel, and a sleeve revolubly mounted on said mandrel for tensioning the hair as it is being wound thereon. I 4

9. In combination, a mandrel, a, hair winder upon said mandrel, a heatin ap aratus and means formed on said win er or centering said mandrel within said heating apparatus.

' 10. A device 'for securing a hair curling device to a lock of hair, said ,device compris ing superimposed plates which are held in frictional contact by a resilient member.

11. In hair'curling apparatus, a mandrel,

relatively movable recessed plates secured to one endof said mandrel for attaching said mandrel to a bunch of hair, a heater adapted to surround the said mandrel, and means surrounding said mandrel and secured to one of said plates for adapting the said mandrel to the inserting opening of said heater.

12. In hair curling apparatus, a mandrel, relatively movable recessed plates secured to one end of said mandrel for attaching said mandrel to a bunch of hair, a projection depending from the periphery of one of said plates, a heater adapted to surround said mandrel, and a cylindrical member provided with a slot surroundin said mandrel for adapting the said mandrel to the "inserting opening of said heater, said projection engaging with the slot of said cylindrical memer. Y

13. In hair curling apparatus including a surrounding heater, a winding device e1'n;

bodying a cylindrical member having perforations about its periphery thereof orpermitting the access of heat and hair treating liquids therethrough.

14. A hair winder having a projecting finger and a helical slot.

15. A hair winder having a projecting oliv center finger and a cup portion.

16. A hair winder having a projecting offcenter finger, a helical slot and a cup portion. 17. A hair gripping device comprising a hair embracing portion in the form of a slot of progressively decreasing width, and means for forcing the hair into the narrowing portion of said slot.

18. In hair curling apparatus, a winder comprising a cylindrical shaped member having an enlarged cup portion provided with a slot and a finger, the slot being so formed as I mandrel and thread means for moving said winder longitudinally of said mandrel.

21. In hair curling apparatus, a mandrel, relatively movable spirally recessed plates secured to one end of said mandrel for attaching said mandrel to a bunch of hair in close proximity to the root ends thereof, and a Winder for curling said bunch ofhair around said mandrel.

22. In hair curling apparatus, a mandrel, relatively movable recessed plates secured to one end of said mandrel for attaching said mandrel to a bunch of hair in close proximity to the root ends thereof, a winder for curling said bunch of hair around said mandrel, and revoluble means mounted on said mandrel for ISO - be mounted upon said mandrel and revoluble thereon for curling the said lock of hair' tensioning the hair as it is being wound uponv the mandrel.

23. In hair curling apparatus, a mandrel embodying a helically shaped recessed member for the reception of a lock of hair therein, and means for securing said lock of hair within said recessed'member.

24. In hair curling apparatus, a mandrel embodying a helically shaped recessed member for the reception of a lock of hair therein, means for securing said lock of hair within said recessed member, and-a winder mounted upon said mandrel for curling said lock of-hair around said mandrel.

25'.'In hair curling apparatus, a mandrel embodying a helically shaped recessed member for the reception of a lock of hair therein, means for securing said lock of hair within said recessed member, and means for securing the hair upon the said mandrel when wound thereon.

26. In hair curling apparatus, a mandrel embodying a helically shaped recessed member for the reception of a lock of hairtherein, means for securing said lock of hair within said recessed member, and a winder mounted upon said mandrel for curling said lock of hair around said mandrel, said winder com-' prising a revoluble member including a hair engaging finger.

27. In hair curling apparatus, a mandrel embodying a helically shaped recessed member for the reception of a lock of hair therein, means for securing said lock of hair within said recessed member, a winder adapted to be mounted upon said mandrel and revoluble thereon for curlin the said lock of hair around said mandre and means for securing the hair ,upon said mandrel when wound thereon.

28. In hair curling apparatus, a mandrel embodying a helically shaped recessed member for the reception of a lock of hair therein, means for securing said lock of hair within said recessed member, a winder adapted to around said mandrel, and means for securing the hair upon said mandrel when wound thereon, said winder comprising a revoluble member including a hair engaging finger.

29. In hair curling apparatus, a mandrel, a winder for curling a bunch of hair around said mandrel, and means carried by the man drel for advancing the winder along the said mandrel.

30. In hair curling apparatus, a mandrel having a spiral thread disposed about its periphery thereof, and a winder for .curlinga bunch of hair around said mandrel. I

31. A device for winding a strand of hair on a curling .rod, consisting of a sleeve, split to expand and frictionally grip the curling rod on insertion of the rod into the sleeve, while permitting of rotary and longitudinal movement of the sleeve on the rod; the sleeve having a pick-up and guiding finger for the strand of hair to be wound thereby and hav-' ing an abutment for packing the turns of hair as the sleeve is rotated and fed backward on the rod in the winding operation.

33. In a hair winder adapted to cooperate with a curling member, the combintion of a sleeve, hair-receiving means on said sleeve, and means for. holding said sleeve intrictional contact with the member.

34. A- hair winder having a member and a sleeve portion.

35. A hair winder having a projecting member, a slot for receiving the hair, and a sleeve portion.

36. In a hair winder, the comb intion of a rod, and a member for coiling the hair around the rod, said member being formed with a slot for receiving the hair. v

37. -In a hair windingapparatus a combination of a member about which a lock of projecting hair is to be wound, and a device for winding 38. A hair winder comprising a sleeve having a transverse slot for receiving a lock of hair.

39. A hair winder comprising a sleeve formed with a transverse slot merging into a longitudinal slot.

40. A hair winder comprising a sleeve having a projecting member shaped so as to form a slot'for receiving a lock of hair.

41. In a hair winder, the combination of a rod, and a member for coiling the hair around the rod, said member being formed with a slot and a recess for receiving the hair.

42. A hair-waving device of the class described comprising a mandrel, means for at taching said-mandrel to a bunch of hair in winder for curling said bunch of hair around ,.-said mandrel.

43., A device of the class described comprising a mandrel having means for securing it to a lock of hair adjacent the scalp, means for winding said lock ofhair spirally around said mandrel and means for locking said winding means in place upon said mandrel.

44. In a hair-waving apparatus, the combination of a mandrel and a winder for curling a strand of hair around said mandrel. 45. A hair curling apparatus comprising a mandrel, means for securing said mandrel to a lock of hair in proximity to the scalp and means for windingsaid lock of hair around sitioning said mandrel in successively overlapping spirals.

46. A device for attaching a curling man drel to a lock of hair comprising relatively movable recessed lates. 47. A device or wrapping hair spirally around a mandrel, said device embodying means for stretching and flattening the successive spiralsof hair.

48. A mandrel having a sleeve revolubly mounted thereon.

49. In combination with a hair curling mandrel and a heating appartaus, means for adapting parts of said curling mandrel to the size of the inserting opening in said heating apparatus.

50. In a'hair-curling apparatus, the combi- I nation of a mandrel embodying means for poone end thereof in close proximity to the root ends of a lock of hair on the scalp and a winder for curlin such lock of hair around said mandrel an maintaining it in such curled position.

51. A hair winder having a projecting ofl'- center finger.

52. In combination with a mandrel upon which hair is to be wound, a means for gripping the hair adjacent the s"alp,,said means being sition.

53. A hair winding device for conducting a lock of hair in a helical jecting the hair to a smoot ing action.

54. A hair winding device comprising means for conducting a lock of hair in a helical path and for causing the hair to overlap.

In testimony whereof I hereby aifix my signa ure.

' PETER SANTURELLO.

frictionally maintained in gripping po- Kath and for sub-f 

